Pop-art
Pop art is a visual art movement that emerged in Britain and in the United States. Pop art challenged tradition by asserting that an artist"s use of the mass-produced visual commodities of popular culture is contiguous with the perspective of Fine Art since Pop removes the material from its context and isolates the object, or combines it with other objects, for contemplation. The concept of pop art refers not as much to the art itself as to the attitudes that led to it. Artists that promoted this trend were under inspiration of common use objects as famous cans of Andy Warhol, gaudy colours of Roy Lichtenstain or comic books and lumpy fonts from cartoons. Andy Warhol employed serigraphy and printing techniques was quite typical for pop-art. Pop art aimed to employ images of popular as opposed to elitist culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any given culture, most often through the use of irony. It is also associated with the artists" use of mechanical means of reproduction or rendering techniques. This trend was quite evident in case of cover of The Beatles band "Sgt. Pepper"s Lonely Hearts" designed in 1967 by Peter Blake and Jane Haworth. Driven by "casual art" evident in advertisement, package forms, comic books and TV and being quite aware of its reference to mass culture artists like Andy Warhol or David Hackney entered the world of interiors, wallpapers, posters, murals. It was the beginning of amusement and gross raciness in design.

The Independent Group founded in London in 1952, is regarded as the precursor to the pop art movement. They were a gathering of young painters, sculptors, architects, writers and critics who were challenging prevailing modernist approaches to culture as well as traditional views of Fine Art. The group discussions centred around popular culture implications from such elements as mass advertising, product design, movies, comic strips, science fiction and technology. Terence Conran said then "it was a strange moment, when in the mid 1960s people did not need any more , but in fact expressed their wants (...). As a result designers had to focus on products in demand but that in fact were not needed". Designing functioned under constraint to provide for culture one-time products, what at present is a standard. To attract the young bright colours and expressive forms as well as mostly plastic were used. Actually products were of poor quality and cheap but one-time use was the priority. Both designers and recipients cared more about one -time application than durability. This approach was in fact quite contrary to modernism.

One time use is a feature of pop-art project e.g.:"shelf of Spotty child"s chair" by Peter Murdoch (1963) and "Armchair Blow" from PCV according to project of De Pas, D"urbino, Lomazzi and Scolari (1967). The visit card of 1960s culture was also one-time... clothing. Under inspiration of - Art Nouveau and art deco up to futurism, surrealism, op-art, psychodelic, kitsch and space age - pop-art significantly influenced art and design all over the world. Its end came along with an oil crises in early 1970s. The crises resulted in more rational approach towards designing and revival of craft.